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IDS Forum

Fwd: Re: Cooked vs RAW

Posted By: ART KAGEL, BLOOMBERG/ 499 PARK
Date: Tuesday, 14 September 2004, at 12:04 p.m.

In Response To: Re: Cooked vs RAW (Martin Fuerderer )

From: Martin Fuer.... <MARTINFU@de.ibm.com>
At: 9/14 11:32 Wrote:

Martin I'm just going to comment on one thing:

> in general "Informix"-jargon, "cooked" refers to chunks in the OS's
> filesystem. This means that for I/O to the filesystem the OS will do

Actually there are two types of 'COOKED' chunks. Those built, as you suggest,
using filesystem files and those build using the BLOCK device driver file
representing a disk or virtual partition. For clarity let's call the former
COOKED files and the latter COOKED devices. RAW devices, which you discuss
below, are represented by the CHARACTER device driver file representing a disk
or virtual partition.

The difference between the two types of COOKED chunks is this:
- Cooked devices suffer from some performance slow down compared to RAW devices
caused by having to copy the application page buffer to the device driver's
page cache and wait (because IDS opens COOKED chunks in O_SYNC mode which causes
the write() system call to wait for writes to be confirmed to disk before
returning).

- Cooked files suffer from all of the performance slowdown of a cooked device,
plus the additional overhead of the filesystem, any filesystem caching, and
possible file fragmentation. All of these overheads are variable and addressed
by more modern and lightweight filesystems, but they still exist. For example,
to write to a page in cooked file a traditional UNIX filesytem, the page's byte
address has to be translated into a physical disk address which entails walking
up to 4 levels of linked inode entries depending on how far into the file the
page lives.

> some buffering. How much buffering there is may be configurable
> (i.e. how much memory is used for the buffers). On the IDS side
> this kind of I/O is handled by "AIO"-threads which are running on
> AIO-VPs.

All valid points.

> "raw" on the other hand refers to chunks on raw devices and utilizing
> KAIO (kernel asynchronous I/O). This means that the OS will not do
> any buffering. Instead, IDS writes directly to the device, but through ...

And there's the place where RAW gains most. Yes, KAIO is more efficient than
AIO VPs, however, on systems I have used where there is no KAIO (Linux 2.4 and
DGUX on M88K and Intel Pentium) RAW devices performed >35% faster than
traditional filesystem space and about 20% faster than light filesystems I've
been convinced to try suing AIO VPs all around. Add on the reduced overhead and
performance gains inside the engine that KAIO represents and I see no reason to
use COOKED devices or COOKED files.

Your point about testing is well taken. Any DBA worth his walking papers is
going to test all this on his/her own hardware and software and not trust any of
our advice anyway.

Art S. Kagel



Messages In This Thread

  • Cooked vs RAW
    Peter J Diaz de Leon -- Tuesday, 14 September 2004, at 8:00 a.m.
    • Re: Cooked vs RAW
      ART KAGEL, BLOOMBERG/ 499 PARK -- Tuesday, 14 September 2004, at 9:05 a.m.
    • RE: Cooked vs RAW
      Mark Thornber -- Tuesday, 14 September 2004, at 9:53 a.m.
    • Re: Cooked vs RAW
      Martin Fuerderer -- Tuesday, 14 September 2004, at 11:22 a.m.
      • Fwd: Re: Cooked vs RAW
        ART KAGEL, BLOOMBERG/ 499 PARK -- Tuesday, 14 September 2004, at 12:04 p.m.
      • Re: Cooked vs RAW
        Clifton M. Bean -- Tuesday, 14 September 2004, at 1:58 p.m.

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